System of electrical distribution.



J. L. WOODBRIDGE.

SYSTEM OF ELECTRICAL DISTRIBUTION.

APPLICATION FILED AUG. 3, 1906.

91 9,670. Patented Apr. 27, 1909.

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f'y/ic fi a Patented Apr. 27

J. L. WOODBRIDGE.

SYSTEM OF ELECTRICAL DISTRIBUTION.

APPLIOATION FILED AUG. 3, 1906.

M MM Z mfi WM WW Q UNIED earns rs aria? SYSTEM 0? ELECTRICAL DISTRIBUTION.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Batented April 27, 1909.

Application filed August s, 1906. Serial No. seems.

To all whom it may concern: Be it known that I, JOSEPH LESTER WOOD- BRIDGE, a citizen of the United States, and a resident of Philadelphia, inthe county of Philadel hia and State of Pennsylvania,have invente a certain new and useful System of Electrical Distribution, of which the followin is a specification. 1y invention relateslto those systems in which both alternati and direct currents are employed and in v iiich converting apparatus is used for interchangeably transforming either kind of current to the other. It may also be em loyedffor controlling the division of load tween two sources of alternating current supplyinga common consum tion circuit. I

T e object of my invention is to provide more sensitive means for eflectinga transfer of energy between an alternating current and a direct current circuit, or between two sources of alternating currents and to largely eliminate the time la which would otherwise exist due, for examp e, to the inertia of mov- .the two must be brought about. -This-'is ing parts. I

t is well known that if, for example, two alternating current enerators are operating in parallel and it is esired to shift a part of the load from one to the other a change in the phase relation of the moving members of usually accomplished by supplying more energy to the one whose load is to be increased. This method cannot, however, effect an instantaneous-transfer of loa since the inertia of the moving parts raven, s. an instantaneous shifting of the p ase relation. In order to obviate this time lag I provide means for shifting the phase relation of thealternating current electromotive-force developed in one with respect to the other, without necessitating a shifting of the phase relation of the movin arts themselves. By the means described herein this shiftin of the electromotive-force can be accom ished practically instantaneously and the esired transfer of load can thus be efilected without the time lag mentioned above.

view of part of the apparatus shown in Fig. 2.

Fig. 4, is a diagrammatic re resentation of a portion'of the circuits inclu ed in Fig. 2, and

i 5, is a vector diagram to which reference wi be made in describing the operation of the ap aratus shown in Figs. 1 and 2.

In" ig. 1, A, is a source of three phase alternating current feeding the consumption circuit 1, 2, 3. Connected in parallel with A, by means of the collectorrings 25, 26, and 27, and suitable brushes, is shown an alternating current generator. B, driven by a directcurrent motor F, which is connected to the direct current circuit 45. The two machines B, and ,F, are shown with their armatures arranged on the same shaft G, and it will be understood that the functions of the two machines may under suitable conditions be inverted, the machine B becoming the motor and the machine F, becomin the generator. The machine B, is provid with the usual field winding 67, connectedacross the direct current circuit 4-5, by the conductors 8, and 9. The machine F, 1s also provided with the usual field winding 10, similarly connected across the direct current circuit 45. The .ole pieces of the machine B, are each divided near the pole face into two parts H, and I, by a slot or recess J, and an auxiliaryfield'winding 11 12, 13 and 14, is so wound on these several parts that current in this winding will increase the field strength in one, as for example H, and-decrease it in the other I; or vice versa. The: result of this will be to shift the mean position of the total field flux forwarder backward as the case may be and thus shift backward or forward the phase of the alternatin current electromotlve-force .develo din t e armature of B.

The auxiliar fiel d winding 11, 12, 13 and 14, is ener ized by the exciter K, which may be driven y any suitable means and whose field L, is controlled by the regulator T. This-regulator consists of two resistances 28 and 29, connected in parallel across the direct current circuit 4 5 by means of the conductors 18 and 1 9. Each of these resistances is provided with suitable contacts at various points, with which the contact pieces 30, and 31 make contact. These contact pieces are connected. to the opposite terminals oi the exciter field winding L. These two contact pieces 30 and 31, are mounted 'upon an insulating arm U, pivoted at its center, upon which center it may be turned in either direction by means of the arm V,

' attached thereto. The arm U, is so arranged that in its middle position the contact pieces 30, and 31, are in contact with the middle pointsofthe two resistances 28 and 29 respectively, and in this position there will t erefore be no difference of potential between them and no current flowingthrough the field winding L. If thearm U, is moved in one direction, current will flow through L, in a certain direction, whereas if U, is moved ,in' the opposite direction the current in L,

will be reversed, thus by moving the arm U,

- in either direction from its mean position the and V, forlany given current in conductor 17.

' An auxiliary field 20, is shown on the direct current machine F, which is also'energized by '1 current from theexciter K, being 3 0 amount and direction of current in the field L, and therefore the amount and direction of voltage of the exciter K, may be controlled.

The arm V, is attached by means of the rod M, to the core R, of a solenoid S, which is connected into the conductor .17, carr ing the current from one of the terminals 0 the source A. Opposing the force exerted by this solenoid on 1ts core R, is shown a spring N, which by means of the adjustable screwW, ma be made to exert any desiredtension an thus adjust the position ofthe arms U,

connected thereto bythe conductors 21 an 22.

I v. The, operation of this apparatus is then as follows: Under condltions of average load on the consumption 'circuit 1, 2, and 3, .the

source A, is supplying the entire demand machines and B, are such that they do not force exerted on the core R, of the solenoid and the s ed and field excitation of the transmit energy in either direction. The

S, is so balanced by the spring N, that the arm U, is in its mean posltion and the voltage of K, is zero. No current is flowing in the auxiliary field windings 11, 12, 13, 14, and 20. If now the load on the consumption circuit increases, a small portion of the in--- tor 4, is positive andconductor 5, negative,

current will then flow from contact piece '31,

through the field L, and back to contact piece 30,exciting the field of exciter K, so as to produce a voltage in its armature in a certain direction. This voltage will send current through the auxiliary field winding 11, 12, 13, and 14, in such direction as to shift the mean position of the field flux of the machine B, backward (against the direction of armature rotation), and thus shift forward the electro-motive-force developed in the armature causing the machine B, to take the balance of the increase of load on 1, 2, 3. At the same time the voltage produced in K, will send current through the auxiliary field 20, in such direction as to Weaken the field of the machine F, and permit it to take sufficient current from the direct current circuit 4-5 to supply the additional energy required to drive B. If further increase of load on 1, 2, 3, should occur the arm V, will be drawn up still further and the contact pieces 30 and 31 will be moved still nearer field L, and a still greater voltage in the exciter K, which will result ina still greater shift of the phase position of the fieldflux in B,

'to the extreme ends of the resistances 28 and I 29, producing a still greater, current in the below the. average the force exerted by the! core R, onthe arm V, will be reduced and the springN, will draw the arm V, downward and the contact pieces 30 and 31 will be moved toward the opposite ends of the resistances 28 and 29, t us reversing the direction of current in L, and thevoltage of K. The result of this will be to shift the field-ofthe machine B, in the opposite direccl tion, causing B, to receive current from the source A, and at the same time strengthening the field of F, thus causing F, to deliver cur rent to the circuit 4'5, and the direction of transfer of ener These effects tions of the armatures of B, and F, and there will therefore be introduced no time lag due to the inertia of these moving parts.

will therefore be reversed. l all take place without any change of speed 'or shifting of the phase rela- If the number of turns of the auxiliary field than on the effect will be to increase the i total field flux as well as to shift it backward thereby increasing the electro-motive-force at the same time that it is shifted forward. In some instances this may be a desirablearran 'ement, as for example, to counteract the tendency of increase of oad in the armature of B, to reduce the potential at its terminals. In Fig. 2, is shown apparatus arrangedto ]operate in a similar manner to that shown in' g. 1. In Fig. 2, however, the motor generator set B, F, of Pi ."1, is replaced by a rotary converter B an instead of shifting-the phase relation of the total field flux in the ro- 'tary itself, a supplemental armature Z, is

shown whose win mgs .are connected in series between the alternating current terminals of the rotary armature and the collector is shown sit E, so

rings 25, 26, end 27, and in this armature Z, is evelopcd a supplementsi electro-rnotiveforce Whose hase relations may be so ad'- justed that t e phase relation of the combined eleetro-motive-forces of the two armstures may be controlled as in Fig. 1. The result is accomplished by revolving the supplereentel armature Z, in s. field Whose frame orted on the frame of B by means of be ts C C,, passing thro h slots D-D in projections of field fra-i'ne thus permitting the entire afield frame E, to be rotated through a certain angle and held in any desired an ler relation to B, by means of the hand Wheel 32 and the screw Fig. 3, shows efront View of the bolt and s ot.

Fig. 4, is a, diagram of the connections showing the windings of the armature Z connected in series between the alternating one rent terminals of the rotary B, and the collector rings 25, 26, and 27 The field Wind? ing (3, of'the sux-ilia machine is excited by means oi the exciterwhich in turn is controlled by the controller T, as shown in 2, which operates in the some manner as described in connection with Fig. 1. Referring again to Fig. 4, the field winding (3, may be shifted into the position shown by the dotted lines 0 by shifting the field frame E as describedin connection with Fig. 2.

Big. 5, is e vector diagram which will serve to illustrete the operation of the epperetns' shown in Figs 1 end 2. In connection with the apparatus shown in Fig. 1, the vectors of Fig. 5, may be taken to represent the inten sity snd phe se relation of the magnetic field flux. If '0, P, represents this flux with no current in the auxiliary field Winding 11, 12, 13, end 14, of Fig. 1, P, P, may be taken to represent the flux which would be produced by thiseuxiliery Winding alone and (l, P will then represent the resultant flux due to both field windings which is shifted in phase position from the direction i), P, to that of '0, E The 'electro-motive force developed Will 'consequent'ly be shifted through the same angle. iii the auxiliary Winding 11, 12, 13, and 14, is designed to increase the total flux as Well as shift it the results may be illustrated by the lines 1 P and 9, P the letter representing the resultant total flux which is therefore -in creased as Well as shifted in phase position.

As illustrating the operation of the eppas rat-us shownin Fig. 2', the vectors in Fig. 5, may "be taken to represent the electro-m0- tire-force's developed in the ermatures-of the meehines B, end 5. The line '0, P, Will then represent the electro-motive-force developed in the rotary-armature end the line P, P, the electro-motive-force developed inthe sr1na-' tore Z. The resultant electro-motiveforce will therefore be represented by the line 0, Pi if the frame F, is adjusted to some other position with reference to B, by means 'of the hand wheel 32 the electro-motivcforce developed in Z, may be mode to essome a phase position es represented by P,

P, and the resultant combined 'electiomotive force will then be represented by the line P, P.

It will be obvious that any of the well of K, in response to changes of loud on the circuit 1, 2, 3.

v The s cific inesns for shifting the phese of the alternating'electrmmoiive iome 1n the transforming a gperatus shown in'Fig. 2, in-

cluding the Win ng of e supplement-nil emsture, is claimed in my application Eeriel Number 401,912, and is therefore not claimed herein.

Having thus described the nature and objects of my invention whet l elai-In es new and desire to secure by letters Patent is 1'. in combination, an elterneting current circuit, e direct current circuit, transforming apparatus edepted to transfer electricel energy between said circuits, and means responsive to changes of electrical condition "of to alternating cun'ent circuit for shifting the phase relation of the alternating current eleotro-motive force developed in said transformingepporetus with respect to that in the alternating current circuit independently of any change of speed of the moving parts of said e per-ems.

2. n'cornbinstion, a'source of alternating current, a source of direct current, dynamoeleotric apparatus 'electricellysconnected to both sources end adapted to develop -both alternating current and direct current electro-motivedorees, and means responsive to changes of electrical condition of the alternoting current circuit for simultaneously varying said direct current electro-motiweforce and "shifting the phase of said alternating current -electromotive-force, independently of any change of speed of the moving parts of said apparatus.

3. In combination, en elternating current circuit, a direct current circuit, transforming eppm'etus adapted to transfer electrical energy between said circuits, and means repensive to the electrical condition of the s e ternating -cur-rent circuit and independent of eny'cha'nges of speed of the transforming apparatus for produoinginseid transforming apparatus a. component of electro-motiveforce displaced 90 from thut'of the alternating current circuit.

4. ln'combination two sources'ofel-ternnting currentelectro-rnotive iorce connected in parallel relation, and meensresponsive to the oad on one and adopted to shift the )hase relation of the electro-mOtive-force develo ed in the other independently of any forces, and means responsive to changes of load on the alternating current source for simultaneously and oppositely varying the said electro-motive-forces.

6. In combination, a source of alternating current, a source of direct current, dynamoelectric apparatus electrically connected; to both sources and adapted to develop both alternating and direct current electro-motive-forces, a field winding adapted to control the direct current electro-motive-force in said apparatus, another field winding adapted to control the alternating current electromotive-force, and means responsive to the electrical condition of one of said circuits for simultaneously controlling the current in both field windings.

7. In combination a direct current circuit, an alternating current circuit, dynamoelec trio apparatus electrically connected to both circuits and adapted to develop both alter-- nating and direct current electro-motiveforces, a field winding adapted to control the direct current eleetro-motive-force of said apparatus, another field winding adapted to control the alternating current electro-motive-force of said apparatus, and means for so controlling simultaneously the amount and direction of current in the two field windings as to -cause the apparatus to receive energy from one circuit and simultaneously deliver energy tothe other, independently of any change of speed of its moving parts;

8. In combination, a direct current circuit, an alternating current circuit, dynamo-electric apparatus electrically connected to both circuits and adapted to develop both alternating and direct current electro-motiveforces, a field winding adapted to controlthe direct current electro-motive-force' of said apparatus, another field winding adapted to vary the phase relation of the alternating current 'electro-motive-force of said apparatus and means for so controlling simultaneously the amount and direction of current in the two field windings as to cause the apparatus to receive energy from. one circuit and simultaneously deliver energy to the other cirpole faces of the said dynamo-electric snachine and simultaneously to vary the transto develop an alternating current electro-,motive force, a source of energy for the d amo electric apparatus, means for controlhng the vice for simultaneously operating the two controlling means.

, 11. In combination, an alternating current circuit, a direct current circu t, two

' transfer of energy between the apparatus mechanically connected armatures, whereof one is connected to the alternating current circuit and one to the direct current circuit,

a field structure for the alternating current.

armature, whereof each pole is divided into two parallel paths for the magnetic flux, a

field for the direct current armature, and

means responsive to the electrical condition of one of the circuits for varying the excitation of one path of each pole of the alternate ing current field structure with respect to the other path, and simultaneously varying the excitation of the direct current field.

12. In combination an alternating current circuit, a direct current circuit, two mechanlcally connected dynamo electnc machines whereof one is adapted to,.develop an alternating current electromotiveforce and is electrically connected to the alternating current circuit and the other is adapted to develop a direct current electro motiveforce and is connected to the direct current circuit, and means responsive to the elecdirect current machine and the direct current circuit.

13. In combination an alternating current circuit, a direct current circuit, two mechanically connected dynamo electric machines,

whereof one isadapted to develop an alternating current electro-motive-force and is electrically connected to 'the alternating current circuit and the other is adapted to develop a direct currentelectromotive-force and is connected to the direct current circuit,

and means res onsive to the electrical con- 'dition of the a ternating current circuit for shifting the phase relation of the electromotive-force developed in the alternating current machine and simultaneously varying the transfer of electrical energybetween the direct current machine and the ,direct current circuit.

14. In combination an alternating current circuit, a direct current circuit, two mechanically connected dynamo electric machines, whereof one is electricall connected to the alternating current circuit, and is provided with a field structure having each pole divided into two parallel paths for the magnetic flux, while the other is connected to the direct current circuit, and means for varying the excitation of one ath of each pole of the alternating current ield structure with respect to the other and simultaneously varying the transfer of electrical energy between the direct current machine and the direct current circuit.

15. In combination, a direct current circuit, an alternating current circuit, transforming apparatus operatively connected between sald circuits, a field coil adapted to shift the phase of the alternating current electro-motive-force of said apparatus, another field c oil for varying the direct current electro-motive-force, and means for simultaneously controlling the current in both field coils to cause the apparatus to receive energy from one circuit and simultaneously deliver energy to the other circuit. i

In testimony whereof I have hereunto signed my name.

JOSEPH LESTER WOODBRIDGE.

Witnesses:

W. J. JAcKsoN, FRANK E. FRENCH. 

